Archers are dumb. They can't hit if you move side to side (from their perspective!) and they can't handle obstacles. You can try running past, go tight around objects and then back so the object is behind you and blocking (trees, rocks, even terrain elevation changes all work).
You can also try hiding. They can't see thru the door, and sometimes they will lose track and wander off, allowing you to run.
the key to running away is to not panic. Choose a path you have been before, back toward safety, and if another enemy shows up, don't panic or fight just keep going. Eventually running will get you far enough that you can hide behind a rock etc and they will lose you and leave.

your shield blocks arrows same as weapons.
opening the door from an angle will get them to shoot the door frame/wall and then you have about 5 seconds before they can fire again.