You're fighting enemies several levels ahead with bronze gear, that's the problem. First off bronze armor is only slightly more protection than Troll armor while nerfing speed 10%, its a massive waste of bronze, its a grind and resource sink you can easily skip. (hopefully they will better balance it in the future but as of now at best bronze offers only 6 points more armor than the same level of troll, which at that point only equates to 15% more protection. In comparison Iron armor is a 40% jump in armor)
Draugr are slow, block/dodge their attacks. They are the only enemy you listed you should be fighting in bronze tier gear, and only for the start of the swamp.
Wolves you should be in full iron gearing up to wolf armor. They are easy to block, just don't be out at night because the 2 stars will wreck you.
Goblins are several biomes ahead of you, you shouldn't be fighting them at all in that gear, they should be wrecking you. By the time you should be facing them you should have the Bonemass forsaken power to dramatically reduce damage if things get ugly.
As you level up not only will you improve your gear, but access to new food will also significantly increase your hp and stamina. Also don't take chances, dying is a 5% hit to allskills, and if you die constantly you are just gimping your stamina use and weapon damage. Valheim is all about caution and being prepared, not running in and button mashing.