Look at the icon of an item in your inventory. You can see a small symbol with a red slash through it. That means you can not teleport it. There are a few key items in game that can not be teleported.

This is kind of a key point in that if you want to make transport less of an issue you need to scout out the resources and build bases accordingly.

That said you will still want portals around. Like having a refining base with a portal back to the source so you can return and repair immediately and just have to carry out. For example I have a silver facility at the base of a mountain on a copper node so I could make a forge and upgrade stuff. Teleport up the mountain and dig out silver, run it down and load up the smelter and it will process the ore while I teleport back up to get more. Make for a pretty efficient operation.