The Devs have designed things to encourage/ necessitate exploration, and therefore made only very few items that can be grown / farmed.... The same applies to taming animals.... very few can be tamed and raised to harvest, making it necessary to leave the "safety" of the homestead and go out to hunt / gather the majority of the ingredients needed for more complex foods and recipes.

There are mods which allow a person to plant / farm all the various plants and trees as well as tame any creature, but I can't recommend those because, after using mods for about 30 minutes, I found them to make the game something different and removed all mods ... forever. I will only play vanilla game, and the vanilla game offers very little in the way of gardening and animal taming.... Just FYI.